视角垄断与被定义的“正当”,又是同一套剧本Monopolizing Perspective: The Same Old Script of 'Justified' Killing
又是熟悉的剧本:一名男性被警察击毙,随后警局迅速抛出“持刀”、“受伤”和“尝试使用电击枪”的叙事碎片。在加尔通的暴力三角中,这不仅仅是一次 direct violence(直接暴力),而是一场关于 cultural violence(文化暴力)的认知入口争夺战。
警局局长 Patterson 称网络流传的视频仅是“一个视角” (one perspective),并暗示存在尚未公开的“其他视角”。这是一个极其阴险的 weaponization(武器化)表达:通过定义什么是“完整视角”,权力机构在事实上宣布了对事实解释权的垄断。当他们说“并非所有视角都在线”时,他们其实在制造一种心理预期——即即将公布的、由官方掌控的“视角”将使这次杀戮变得“正当”。
这种对解释权的垄断正是元暴力 (meta violence) 的体现。在这种叙事下,被击毙者的主体性被彻底抹除,他被简化为一个“偷自行车的嫌疑人”和“持刀的威胁”。而四名警察对一名男性的围捕,在结构层面上是绝对的权力不对等。在这种不对等中,任何抵抗都被定义为“攻击”,而任何杀戮都被包装成“自卫”。
2015年 Anthony Robinson 的案例证明了这套共谋机制的稳定性:即便有抗议,检察官依然可以通过将杀戮定义为“正当”来完成对暴力机器的保护。这就是典型的 structural violence(结构暴力)——法律不是为了公正,而是为了确保暴力机器在执行过程中不被问责。这种共谋不仅在警局内部,更在那些习惯于接受“官方视角”作为最终真相的司法体系中。
The script is timeless: a man is shot dead by police, and the department immediately deploys narrative fragments like "knife," "injury," and "attempted Taser use." In Galtung's Violence Triangle, this is not merely direct violence, but a war over the cognitive entry point of cultural violence.
Chief Patterson's claim that the viral footage is only "one perspective" and that "not all perspectives are online" is a sinister weaponisation of expression. By defining what constitutes a "complete perspective," the power structure effectively claims a monopoly over the interpretation of facts. When they suggest other perspectives are missing, they are manufacturing an expectation: that the upcoming, officially controlled "perspective" will render this killing "justified."
This monopoly of interpretation is the essence of meta violence. Within this narrative, the victim's subjectivity is erased; he is reduced to a "bicycle thief" and a "knife-wielding threat." The apprehension of one man by four officers is a case of absolute structural power imbalance. In such an imbalance, any resistance is labeled "attack," and any killing is packaged as "self-defense."
The 2015 case of Anthony Robinson proves the stability of this complicity: despite protests, the district attorney could still define the killing as "justified" to protect the machinery of violence. This is textbook structural violence—where the law serves not justice, but the immunity of the state's violent apparatus. This complicity exists not only within the police force but within a judicial system accustomed to accepting the "official perspective" as the ultimate truth.